一、
Poison detection is one of the specialties that have the highest technical requirements and most extensive involving fields in the field of judicial expertise. There are various poisons, drugs, medicines involved by poison detection. Only the commonly seen species can reach hundreds of varieties. Poison detection conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic substances and illicit drugs by physical or chemical analysis methods.
毒物检验是司法鉴定领域涉及面广、技术要求的专业之一。毒物检验涉及的毒物、毒品、药物种类繁多，常见的就达数百种。毒物检验利用物理或化学分析方法，对有毒物质、违禁毒品药品进行定性、定量分析。
Electronic evidence lab of Public Security Bureau / judicial expertise center. Electronic data recovery and analysis is a new category of the current science and technology promoted procuratorial work. It is not only a new identification type, but also an important method and key developing direction of procuratorial organ in the investigating process of self-investigating cases. Electronic evidence lab of Public Security Bureau / judicial expertise center is constructed according to the standard of national identification center. Its main functions involve cell phone forensics, data recovery, identification analysis, password cracking and network forensics, etc, with advanced, sophisticated characteristics.
公安局/检察院司法鉴定中心电子证据实验室。电子数据恢复与分析是当前科技强检的一个新兴门类，既是新增的鉴定种类，也是检察机关自侦案件侦破上的重要手段与重点发展方向。司法鉴定中心电子证据实验室按照鉴定中心标准建设，该实验室主要功能涉及手机取证、数据恢复、鉴定分析、密码破解以及网络取证等，具有高、精、尖等特点。
2.Examination Department is one of the important departments of medical laboratory. It is generally composed of temporary/emergency examination area, specimen processing area, the biochemical immune area, blood analysis area, bacterial laboratory, PCR laboratory, genetic laboratory and radioactive Laboratory of immunology. Under the Examination Department is preparation room, incubation (inoculation) room, routine bacteria room and clean laboratory and the clean laboratory should reach 10000 cleanliness standards. Pay attention to the following points when planning the Examination Department: division of laboratory and external environment, division of light pollution area and heavy pollution area in the laboratory and clean area. Bacteriology Room should be at the end of the laboratory.
检验科是为重要的医技科室之一，检验科一般可以分为，临检急检区、标本处理区、生化免疫区、血液分析区、细菌实验室，PCR实验室、遗传实验室、放射免疫室等。分设准备室、培养(接种)室、常规细菌室、洁净实验室，洁净实验室应达到万级洁净室的标准。检验科规划中应注意：检验科与外部环境做分隔、检验科内部轻污染区与重污染区与洁净区应做分隔、检验科细菌室应在实验室的未端。
二.
Examination Department is one of the important departments of medical laboratory. It is generally composed of temporary/emergency examination area, specimen processing area, the biochemical immune area, blood analysis area, bacterial laboratory, PCR laboratory, genetic laboratory and radioactive Laboratory of immunology. Under the Examination Department is preparation room, incubation (inoculation) room, routine bacteria room and clean laboratory and the clean laboratory should reach 10000 cleanliness standards. Pay attention to the following points when planning the Examination Department: division of laboratory and external environment, division of light pollution area and heavy pollution area in the laboratory and clean area. Bacteriology Room should be at the end of the laboratory.
检验科是为重要的医技科室之一，检验科一般可以分为，临检急检区、标本处理区、生化免疫区、血液分析区、细菌实验室，PCR实验室、遗传实验室、放射免疫室等。分设准备室、培养(接种)室、常规细菌室、洁净实验室，洁净实验室应达到万级洁净室的标准。检验科规划中应注意：检验科与外部环境做分隔、检验科内部轻污染区与重污染区与洁净区应做分隔、检验科细菌室应在实验室的未端。
三.
Food examination can be divided into two categories: 1. Product quality inspection; 2. Product sanitation inspection, which is relatively difficult with high investment.
食品检验可分为两大项：一是检测产品的品质项目;二是检测产品的卫生项目，这一类项目的检测相对难度大、投资高。
Health projects preparation of food inspecting and testing laboratory / 食品检验检测实验室卫生项目筹建：
Health projects include microorganisms, additives, harmful elements, agricultural residues, animal residues, toxins, etc.
卫生项目包括微生物、添加剂、有害元素、农残留、兽残留、毒素等。
1. Microorganisms: Microbiology laboratory should be laid out in accordance with the requirements of the specified standards of biological laboratory instruments and equipment. The necessary equipment includes clean workbench, incubator, high temperature sterilizing oven, electric furnace, etc. Other devices are configured according to the specific test items.
微生物：建微生物实验室要按照生物实验室设备及装备规范标准要求进行布局。必要的设备有洁净台、培养箱、高压灭菌锅、电炉等，其它设备则根据具体检测项目配置。
2. Additives and harmful elements: Some of the projects can use chemical methods. But to meet with the requirements of the current national standards of food hygiene, you should purchase gas phase chromatograph-hydrogen flame detector, liquid phase chromatography-ultraviolet/visible light detector, atomic absorption spectrometer-graphite furnace detector, atomic fluorescence spectrometer, etc.
添加剂和有害元素：有一部分项目可以用化学法，但想满足现在国标的食品卫生要求，应该购置气相色谱-氢火焰检测器、液相色谱-紫外/可见光检测器、原子吸收仪-石墨炉检测器、原子荧光仪等。
3. Residual pesticides: Gas chromatography is needed for detecting residual pesticides. The laboratory should be equipped with electron capture detector (ECD), if you want to detect organic chlorine pesticide. Nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) or flame photometric detector (FPD) should be equipped to detect organic phosphorus pesticide. Nowadays, there are more and more pesticide-detecting items to be done. In order to improve the generality, purchasing capillary column split-splitless injection port and installing capillary column are suggested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer can be purchased for export food processing enterprises to control the quality of raw materials and products.
残留农药：检测残留农药气相色谱是不能少的。检测有机氯农药，需配电子俘获ECD检测器;检测有机磷农药，需配火焰光度FPD检测器或氮磷NPD检测器。现在农残检测的项目越来越多，为提高通用性，建议配置毛细管柱分流/不分流进样口，安装毛细管色谱柱。出口食品加工企业为了把好生产原料和产品质量关，可以配置气相色谱-质谱仪。
4. Animal residues: As to detection of veterinary drug residues, there are few detecting items and more batches, so it is suggested that a set of ELISA Reader should be purchased and configured. For export food enterprises that have a certain scale, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer is a better choice.
残留兽药：若进行残留兽药的检测，项目不多且批次多，可以配置酶联免疫仪。对于有一定规模的出口食品企业，配置一台液相色谱-串联质谱仪。
四、
Laboratory layout should meet laboratory building design specifications and fire-fighting requirements, office area and experimental area are separated with an access control system between the two areas. Reasonably design main laboratory and auxiliary functions according to the functions of the laboratory. Separate people flow, goods flow and waste flow. Ensure no cross contamination occurs and correctness of experimental data. In the experimental area, emergency shower devices should be installed to reduce the risk of experiment operators.
实验室平面布局按照实验室建筑设计规范及建筑设计防火规范要求，将办公区域和实验区域分开，两者之间设置门禁系统。主实验室与辅助功能间之间相互协调，按照实验室功能流程合理分布。考虑人流物流污物流分开，保障样品无交叉污染，保证实验数据的正确性。在实验区域设计有紧急冲淋装置，减少实验操作人员的危险。
It can be divided into basic chemical laboratory, synthetic laboratory, pharmaceutical laboratory, preparation and drug release laboratory, analysis and testing center, biological laboratory, vaccine laboratory, animal room and pilot workshop.
可分设基础化学实验室、合成实验室、药效实验室、制剂及释药实验室、分析测试中心、生物实验室、病毒疫苗实验室、动物房、中试车间。
五、
Laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity is a laboratory by some special equipment and technical methods and makes it wet indoor temperature in a certain time and experiment with the requirements of the standard atmosphere.It is a infrastructure which helps the enterprise in the inspection of product quality and the control of the circulation.And it is widely used in textile, wool, chemical fiber, paper, packaging, tobacco production enterprises and the quality inspection, chemical fiber inspection departments and so on. In accordance with the relevant ISO and GB standards, such as textiles, textile materials, paper and cardboard box as the quality of the goods inspection of physics project required in standard atmospheric conditions. In addition to the laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity, there are other special requirements such as 5-18℃ relatively lower temperature,30-80 ℃higher temperature,relative humidity requirements is less than 40% RH temperature or relative humidity above 80% RH such kind of special requirements.
恒温恒湿实验室是将某一实验室通过某些专用设备和技术方法，使其室内温湿度符合某一调湿和试验用标准大气的要求。恒温恒湿实验室是生产企业的产品质量检验与控制和流通领域里的商品质量检验把关的基础设施。恒温恒湿实验室广泛应用于棉纺、毛纺、化纤、纸张、包装、烟草生产企业以及质检、纤检等部门，按照ISO和GB有关标准规定，纺织品、纺织原料、纸张、纸品和纸箱等 商品的物理项目的检验必需在标准大气条件下进行。除了常规温湿度的恒温恒湿实验室，还有其它特殊的5-18℃低温、30-80℃高温、相对湿度要求小于40%RH低湿、相对湿度高于80%RH的高湿等特殊要求的恒温恒湿实验室。
The overall design and planning of the laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity：
恒温恒湿实验室总体设计规划要点：
01.The extent of temperature and humidity contro l / 温湿度控制范围
02.The accuracy of the temperature and humidity control / 温湿度控制精度
03.Cleanliness / 洁净度要求
04.Lighting requirements / 照度要求
05.The hot humidity range of the equipment / 设备的热湿量范围
06.The system of wind bringing and returning of the airconditioning / 空调送回风方式
07.The measures of pneumatic balance / 空压之平衡措施
08.The necessity of introduction of new wind / 引入新风之必要性
09.The necessity of the exhaust system / 系统排气的必要性
10.The heat preservation and heat insulation measures / 保温隔热的措施
11.The equipment and the power configuration / 设施与动力之配置
12.Electrostatic, vibration and noise / 静电、振动及噪音
13.The arrangement of the space of the equipment and airconditioning / 设备空间与空调间
14.In and out of the channel and the buffer of clothes changing / 进出通道及更衣缓冲区之安排
15.Enough space maintenance / 足够维护保养空间
16.Ceiling height and floor load / 室内净高与楼板载重
17.Pollution, pollution and control / 公害、污染与防灾
18.The measure of installation and operating costs / 安装及运转成本之衡量
19.The requirements of aesthetic property / 美观性要求
20.Installation cost/schedule control / 安装成本/工期控制
21.Operating costs / 运转成本
22.Maintainability and flexibility factors, etc / 维护性&弹性等因数